Design and implementation of an IoT-based real-time water level monitoring system of belik river at yogyakarta city

Article Sidebar

PDF
Published: Nov 23, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52465/joscex.v6i3.621
Article Metrics

Keywords:
Flood, Belik river, Internet of thing (IoT), Ultrasonic sensor, ESP32

Main Article Content

Rizqi Sukma Kharisma
Departement of Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Nadhira Aurell Puspitaningrum
Departement of Informatics, Faculty of Computer Science, Universitas Amikom Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Flooding is a serious threat in the Belik River area, Yogyakarta, especially during high rainfall and blocked water flow, while the existing Early Warning System (EWS) managed by BPBD Yogyakarta is still not functioning optimally. This study aims to design and implement a real-time water level monitoring system that can be used as an early warning system for flooding. The research method uses a Waterfall approach that includes the stages of requirements, design, implementation, testing, and operation and maintenance. The developed system is based on the Internet of Things (IoT) using HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors and NodeMCU ESP32 microcontrollers connected to Firebase for data storage, visualized through a website, and equipped with automatic notifications via the Telegram application. The system was implemented at two points on the Belik River, Yogyakarta, with water level data recorded every minute for 3 hours over three days. The data obtained was pre-processed by averaging the sensor readings and ignoring abnormal data to improve stability. Evaluations were carried out on sensor accuracy, data transmission stability, real-time display on the website, and Telegram notification speed. The results of the study showed an average measurement error of 1.27%, with a tendency for the error to increase at distances greater than 300 cm. This system has proven capable of providing rapid information to the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) and the surrounding community to take early anticipatory measures against potential flooding, thereby helping to reduce the impact of losses and speed up emergency response.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
[1]
R. S. . Kharisma and N. A. Puspitaningrum, “Design and implementation of an IoT-based real-time water level monitoring system of belik river at yogyakarta city”, J. Soft Comput. Explor., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 206-214, Nov. 2025.
Issue
Vol. 6 No. 3 (2025): September 2025
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

References

M. A. Budiyanto, Nurokhman, and M. Arifin, “PENYUSUNAN JALUR EVAKUASI BANJIR SUNGAI GAJAH WONG WARUNGBOTO DALAM MENDUKUNG DESA TANGGUH BENCANA KOTA YOGYAKARTA.” 2024.

J. Mulia, “PENGURANGAN RISIKO MULTI BENCANA DI KAWASAN BANTARAN SUNGAI WINONGO, KAMPUNG NOTOYUDAN, KALURAHAN PRINGGOKUSUMAN, KOTA YOGYAKARTA.” 2024.

Suhamdani, “Dipicu Hujan Deras, Air Sungai Belik di Yogya Meluap, Menggenangi Perkampungan Warga.” 2024.

R. F. Mochamad and S. P. Y. H. Jatnika, Internet of Things (IoT) Mikrokontroler Pendeteksi Udara dan Air. Jakarta: CV. AKSARA GLOBAL AKADEMIA, 2021.

S. K. M. S. Rizal Mutaqin, S. T. M. E. Lerian Ashor Yoziarde, and S. K. C. E. Dwi Shinta Dharmopadni, Pemrograman Arduino. PT KIMHSAFI ALUNG CIPTA, 2025.

Y. I. Chandra, M. Riastuti, and K. Rokoyah, “Prototype River Water Level Detection Tool Using Ultrasonic Sensor with Sound Output Based on Arduino Uno Microcontroller,” Int. J. Inf. Syst. & Technol., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 7–16, 2023.

K. Masykuroh, F. T. Syifa, and F. A. Pamungkas, “Rancang Bangun Prototipe Pemantau Kekeruhan Air dan Pengaturan Pakan Ikan pada Akuarium Menggunakan Nodemcu ESP32,” J. Telecommun. Electron. Control Eng., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 31–40, 2023.

G. A. Kumaran and J. Lias, “IoT-Based Flood Monitoring System Using ESP32,” vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 470–478, 2024.

J. Enterprise, Membangun Aplikasi Berbasis Data dengan Python. Elex Media Komputindo, 2022.

P. Megantoro and others, “Instrumentation system for data acquisition and monitoring of hydroponic farming using ESP32 via Google Firebase,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 52–61, 2022.

I. L. M. Kom, Dasar Algoritma dan Pemograman Javascript. Irvan Lewenusa, M.Kom, 2023.

J. F. M. R. K. E. Tasripin, Telegram ChatBot: Belajar Membangun Chatbot Dengan .Net 8 dan Visual Studio 2022. ebookuid, 2024.

F. A. Silaban, Y. Taufiq, L. M. Silalahi, and G. L. A. Sihombing, “Flood Detection Design based on the Internet of Things,” Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro, vol. 5, no. 4. pp. 427–437, 2023.

R. Fadilah, R. Ruslan, and A. Imran, “DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT) BASED FLOOD EARLY WARNING TOOLS,” J. Electr. Eng. Informatics, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 45–50, 2024.

D. Darso, M. H. Al Hudry, F. Fathoni, Y. Ulkhaq, P. T. R. Wijaya, and M. H. Arkan, “Perancangan Sistem Pendeteksi dan Monitoring Ketinggian Air Berbasis IoT Menggunakan NodeMCU ESP8266,” STORAGE J. Ilm. Tek. dan Ilmu Komput., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 87–93, 2023.

A. Hasibuan and others, “Design of flood warning prototype using ESP32 module-based ultrasonic sensors,” Int. J. Reconfigurable Embed. Syst., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 126, 2025.

O. R. Obinna and E. Mathew, “Design Analysis of an IoT based Early Flood Detection and Alerting System,” Int. J. Adv. Eng. Res. Sci., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 1908–2456, 2021.

Y. R. Hais, E. Saputra, A. T. I. Zk, and A. Raboula, “Design and Development of a Flood Detection Device for Drainage Systems Utilizing Float Switch Water Level Sensors,” Circuit J. Ilm. Pendidik. Tek. Elektro, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 69, 2024.

M. Zen and M. Rizki, Pencatatan Kreatif Siswa Berbasis Android. Serasi Media Teknologi, 2024.

M. A. Jailani, H. Mat, A. A. Mansor, and W. M. A. F. W. A. Rahaman, “Community-Based Flood Risk Management: Empowering Local Responses,” Asian Soc. Sci., vol. 20, no. 1, p. 1, 2024.

S. Choosumrong and others, “Development of an IoT-Based Flood Monitoring System Integrated with GIS for Lowland Agricultural Areas,” Sensors, vol. 25, no. 17, 2025.

A. Wijaya and Rino, “Flood Monitoring Early Warning System using Internet of Things-based Telegram,” bit-Tech, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 281–286, 2024.

N. A. Nasir, M. A. Rahman, Z. Tukiran, and N. Ismail, “Solar-Powered Flood Monitoring System with IoT,” Evol. Electr. Electron. Eng., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 625–636, 2023.

A. R. Adha, M. A. Musthofa, G. A. A. R. Putra, I. Harjanto, and J. Elektro, “Analisis Kinerja Sensor Ultrasonik HC-SR04 dengan Akurasi Tinggi dan Error Rendah,” in Science And Engineering National Seminar, 2024, vol. 9, no. 9.

N. Arif, A. Wardhana, and A. Martiana, “Spatial analysis of the urban physical vulnerability using remote sensing and GIS,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2022.

H. Alamsyah, P. Sawaludin, and T. U. Kalsum, “Monitoring and Detection System of Level and Turbidity in Embankment Water in Real Time Based on IoT,” Internet Things Artif. Intell. J., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 551–559, 2024.

D. N. Nugroho, A. Setiabudi, B. Utomo, and P. D. Widayaka, “Flood Notification System Using NodeMCU with Telegram Monitoring.” 2023.

A. Djalilov, E. Sobirov, O. Nazarov, S. Urolov, and I. Gayipov, “Study on automatic water level detection process using ultrasonic sensor,” in IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2023.

H. N. P. Wisudawan, “Design and Implementation of Real-Time Flood Early Warning System.” 2021.

L. Hashemi-Beni, M. Puthenparampil, and A. Jamali, “A low-cost IoT-based deep learning method of water gauge measurement for flood monitoring,” Geomatics, Nat. Hazards Risk, vol. 15, no. 1, 2024.

Y. Ratmini, V. Atina, and E. Purwanto, “Sistem Monitoring dan Peringatan Dini Banjir Berbasis Internet of Things (IoT),” J. Ilm. Teknol. Inf. Asia, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2025.

Abstract viewed = 0 times